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SPECIAL REPORT 



STATE VETERINARIAN 



Foot and Mouth Disease 



IN VIRGINIA 



Its Cause, How Spread Among Cattle, Other Ruminants 
and Swine, and Its Control and Eradication 



RICHMOND 

CLYDB W. Saundkks, Printer and Publisher 

1916 




Hon. Henry C. Stuart, Go\-ernor of A'irginia. 



SPECIAL REPORT 



Til?,^ STATE VETERINAMAN 

III n 



'>i n 



Foot and Mouth Disease 



IN VIRGINIA 



Its Cause, How Spread Among Cattle, Other Ruminants 
and Swine, and Its Control and Eradication 



RICHMOND: 
Clydk W. Saunders, Printer and Publisher 

1916 






D. of D. 
OCT 24 1916 



;:x 



EviNGTOx, Va., June 15, 1916. 

To Ills Excellency^ 

lion. II. C. jStuart, \ 

(iocenior of Virginia. '^ 

Herewith is submitted the report of Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, 
State Veterinarian, of work done by him under the direction of tlie 
State Live Stock Sanitary Board in Connection with controlling and 
eradicating an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease, which was 
introduced into the State during the fall of 1914, causing us to 
prescribe and enforce certain quarantine rules and regulations from 
the above mentioned date until March 31, 191G. 

In consideration of the fact that while some of the other States 
into which this disease was introduced spent from one to several 
million dollars in eradicating the same, and that none of them spent 
less than seventy-five thousand dollars, except the State of Vir- 
ginia, which spent only $13,854,92, I feel that we were extremely 
fortunate, and the results thus most gratifying and encouraging. 

Respectfully, 




Chairman State Live Stock Sanitary Board. 



EicHMOND, Va., May 17, 1916. 

Hon. J no. Thompson Brown, 

Chairman of Virginia State Lice Stock Sanitary Board, 
Evington, Va. 

Sir: 

I have the honor to submit to you the follo^Yin«: report of 
the work done by this oiRce in connection with controlling and 
eradicating an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease, which was 
introduced into the State, among our cattle and hogs, during the 
fall of 1914, causing us to prescribe and enforce certain quarantine 
rules and regulations from the above mentioned date until March 
31, 1916. 

Respectfully, 




State Ve te rinarinn . 



special Report of the State Veterinarian on Foot and Mouth 

Disease in Virginia, Its Cause, How Spread Among 

Cattle, Other Ruminants, and Swine, 

Its Control and Eradication. 



During the month of November, 1014, the first cases of Foot 
and Mouth Disease were sent into Virginia by a shipment of feed- 
ing cattle from the State of JMarvhind. This shipment went to 
Loudoun count}'. The outbreak was controlled and eradicated 
there. 

Later, the disease was sent us in a shipment of bulls to the 
Valentine's Meat Juice Company, Eichmond, Va., from the Chicago 
Yards. Said shipment was permitted by the U. S. Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry. Upon reaching Eichmond some of the bulls were 
found to be a fleeted with foot and mouth disease. However, with 
the prompt assistance of Dr. Henry Marshall, Inspector in Charge 
of the U. S. Bureau force, located in Eichmond, we at once had 
the shipment slaughtered under strict inspection, disinfecting every- 
thing. The State immediately placed a strict quarantine around 
the Valentine plant. Xot a case of the disease spread from this 
center. 

Sometime later, a shipment of hogs for slaughter, accompanied 
by a U. S. Bureau permit, from the West, reached W. S. Forbes' 
abattoir in Eichmond, and many of the hogs proved to be affected 
with Foot and Mouth Disease. 

It appears that the hogs, like the bulls, were started on the 
shipment in a healthy condition but had been exposed to the dis- 
ease before shipment, and thus the trouble broke out while the 
shipment was in transit, or about the time the said hogs reached 
Virginia. 

The diseased hogs wdiich reached the Forbes plant (this plant 
is adjacent to the Eichmond Union Stock Yards) caused us con- 
siderable alarm, as we realized the fact that the virus might be 
carried into the Stock Yards by birds, rats, or in many other ways. 

At once a fight was started to disinfect the Forbes plant, clean- 
ing and disinfecting according to U. S. regulations. Owing to the 
fact that the Forbes plant was so near the Union Stock Yards, the 
State authorities deemed it necessary to quarantine the said Stock 
Yards along with the Forbes plant, and to have the same policed, 
cleaned, and disinfected. This was done as effectually as possible. 

Nothing appeared to get out from the infected premises for a 
while, but later an outbreak occurred on the well known Miller 
farm, which is located on the Seven Pines Eailway line, about five 



6 

miles from the Union Stock Yards. However, in investigating 
the Miller outbreak, I learned that Mr. Miller had been getting 
the swill from a brewery tank, which is located not far from the 
W. S. Forbes plant. While I might be wrong, I have always 
thought that the infection got from the Forbes" abattoir to the 
brewery (by birds, rats, or in some way) and from the tank there, 
it got to the Miller herd, Avhich resulted in the entire herd of 
cattle on the Miller farm being shot and buried. 

With the constant assistance (jf Mr. Miller, the U. S. Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and the deputies appointed by the State, to- 
gether with the loyal local support of the people of the City of 
Eichmond and the surrounding territory, the State managed to stop 
the trouble on the Miller place, and not one case resulted in the 
State from this terrible outbreak, which affected about two hundred 
head of cattle. While the work of handling this matter was nerve 
racking, as it had to be kept up night and day, for days, weeks, 
and months, yet it was done with good results, thanks to the good 
people of old Virginia. 

Just about the time we had the JNIiller trouble under control, a 
wire came, saying there was an outbreak in Frederick county, 
among cattle in the section near Winchester. Veterinarians were 
at once dispatched there by the State and the IT. S. Bureau, and 
the situation was handled there in a most satisfactory manner by 
Drs. Willis, Noonan, and Miller, for the State, in co-operation Avith 
the Bureau Veterinarians. Here again, tlie local people did all in 
their power to co-operate Avith, and help the State and Federal 
authorities, stamp out the disease. 

The Frederick county outbreak was the last case of foot and 
mouth disease sent to Virginia. We never ImcAv exactly how this 
disease got into West A^irginia : l)ut the outbreak was sent from 
West Virginia to Virginia by some cattle which were sold in the 
State of West A'irginia to some Virginia cattlemen, no one know- 
ing at the time that the cattle were atl'ected with foot and mouth 
disease. 

Further in this rejjort will be noticed the articles which were 
(juarantined against, as the same are mentioned in detail in the 
proclamations issued by the Governor. From the many ditferent 
articles mentioned, everyone can see at a glance, why the quaran- 
tine regulations affected so many different lines of commerce. It 
is a knoAvn fact that the disease has been carried by packing ma- 
terial, Avhich had been exposed to affected live stock, also by hides, 
litter, bags, etc., thus Ave had to take every precaution. By doing 



this, and actually living np to it, to the letter, we controlled and 
.eradicated the disease in Virginia at a total cost of $13,854.92, while 
many of the other States went np in the millions, and yet in the 
beginning they had no more of the disease than Virginia started 
with. 

As State Veterinarian of Virginia, allow me here to thank the 
people of Virginia for their support in the hght against this 
trouble. Being a S(}n of the old ^^irginia Commonwealth, I felt 
that I was at home, and in time of trouble I believed the home 
})e(>ple would stand by me. They did, and we won the fight at 
a very small cost. While the Legislature was liberal in appro- 
priating one hundred and ten thousand dollars for this fight, happy 
am I to say that we used only the amount above mentioned. 

Not only were the people of Virginia with us, but fortunately 
at this time we had a live stock man for (xovernor, who appre- 
ciated the danger to the cattle industry from the very beginning. 
Governor H. C. Stuart, though confined to his room by sickness, 
had me visit him there night and day (not excepting vSunday). 
He got out his proclamation in February, and from the same pub- 
lished elsewhere in this report, you can see that he attended to 
every detail with the State Live Stock Sanitary Board in this 
matter. The (lovernor personally appealed to the (leneral Assem- 
bly for a good liberal appropriation to handle this work, and 
then cautioned the State Veterinarian not to use a dollar that was 
not absolutely necessary. 

After the shipment of diseased hogs had been sent to the AV. 
S. Forbes" establishment here in Richmond, the Governor and the 
Live Stock Sanitary Board decided not to allow any more cattle, 
sheep, or swine to enter Virginia from any (luarantined State, or 
any State, any portion of which was under (juarantine by the V. S. 
Bureau of Animal Industry, on account of Foot and Mouth Dis- 
ease. Thus working together, the Governor and the State Live 
Stock Sanitary Board took this nuitter u}) and instructed the State 
Veterinarian accordingly. In fact, it was a pleasure to work with 
such a loyal Live Stock Sanitary Board, when the G()\ernor sat 
with us, and in fact was made a part of the Board from the very 
beginning, and thus the work was pushed by the complete union 
of the Governor, the State Live Stock Sanitary Board, the State 
Veterinarian as their agent, the veterinarians of the State as assist- 
ants, and the live stock owners and people as co-operators. 

In conclusion. I feel it my duty to mention the work done by 
Hon. Jno. Thompson Brown, of Fvington, Va., who is chairman 



8 

of the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board, and the Hon. 
J. A. Turner of Hollins, as these two members were sent to Rich- 
mond b}' the Board to co-operate with the GoAernor, the U. S. 
Bureau of Animal Industry, and the State Veterinarian. 

When it is remembered that the members of the State Li\'e 
Stock Sanitary Board do not get one doHar's pay for their ser- 
vices, the people are obliged to appreciate the time given, and ser- 
vices rendered, by these members upon such occasions as we experi- 
enced during the months of January, February, and March, in 
1915,, when changes in the regulations were being made every few- 
days, to meet the U. S. Government requirements affecting inter- 
state shipments, to accommodate our business people commercially, 
•and last, but not least, to protect the State of Virginia against any 
further danger of the spread of Foot and Mouth Disease among 
its live stock. 

In this connection, I desire to say that Dr. Henry Marshall, 
Inspector in Charge of the Richmond branch of the U. S. Bureau 
of Animal Industry, was most loyal and untiring in his efforts to 
assist the Live Stock Sanitary Board in its work. In fact the 
Governor, the Board, and the State Veterinarian, not only feel 
tliat Virginia Avas fortunate in having the assistance of Dr. JSIar- 
sliall, but that the U. S. Bureau is to be congratulated on having 
him in charge of their local branch here. 

STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD: 

Hox. H. C. Stuart, Gocernor of Virginia. 

Richmond, Va. 
Hox. Jxo. Tiio:mpsox Browx, Charnimn. 
Evington, Va. 

W. C. SlIACKELFORD, 

Proffit, Va. 
Jos. A. TrRXER, 

Hollins, Va. 
Hox. J. B. AVatkixs, 

Midlothian, Va. 
Hox. J. D. Eoglestox, {Ex-ojficio), 

Blacksburg, Va. 
C. I. Wade, Secretary and Treasurer^ 

Christiansburg. Va. 

J. G. FERNE THOUGH. State Tetedrmrian. 

Richmond, Va. 
A. D. LIVE SAY, Sec^i/. State Veterinarian. 




d f 




^^J'l^^ 



m 



.Miller Cattle Dead in the 1 >it( h. 




Contractor l.iu K 1 M^mn^ iii._ I lilch for the Miller Cattle. 



riNAXCIAL STATEMENT OF VIRGIXIA"S EXPENSES 
COMBATING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 

MILLER BROTHERS, Richmond, Va.: 

Cattle slaughtered, i270 dairy cows: valuation $16,- 

000.00. Paid by State $ 8,000 00 

A. C. CAMPBELL, Winchester, Va.: 

Cattle slaughtered, 35; hogs :23: valuation $1,083.50 

Paid by State 991 75 

JOHN M. LARRICK, Chambersville, Va. 

Cattle slaughtered, i2G; hogs slaughtered, '20: valua- 
tion, $1,528.00. Paid by State lU 00 

M. L. MILLER, Opequan, Va. 

Cattle slaughtered, 18: hogs slaughtered, 22: valua- 
tion, $958.00. Paid by State 479 00 

CARSON LIVE STOCK CO., Richmond, Va.: 

Cattle slaughtered, 10 dairy cows; valuation, $650.00. 
Received for dressed products, $355.00. Total, 

$295.00. Paid by State 147 50 

General office expenditures, veterinary inspections, in- 
A'estigations, disinfectants, and general expenses in- 
cluding labor and police 3,472 67 

Amount paid by State $ 13,854 92 



10 



AX ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE ILLINOIS GEN- 
ERAL ASSEMBLY, JANUARY 19, 1915, BY PRO- 
FESSOR V. A. MOORE, DEAN OF THE VETER- 
INARY DEPARTMENT, CORNELL UNI- 
VERSITY, ITHACA, NEW YORK, ON 
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 



Mr. Chairman: When I Mas invited to be here today, it was 
my understanding- that- I was to appear before a committee and 
be questioned rather than to make an address to a body of this 
kind. However, on consultation with the Governor and the State 
Veterinarian, it seems to be their wish that I make a statement 
to you concerning the Foot and ]Mouth Disease. 

Foot and Month Disease, while new to the people in the mid- 
dle and farther western section of this country, is not new to the 
veterinary profession. It is sup})osed to have had its origin in the 
Orient and to have gradually traveled westward until by the mid- 
dle of the eighteenth century it had spread over the entire con- 
tient of Europe and to the British Isles. Since that time great 
effort has been made on the part of the Euro})ean governments 
to eradicate it from their countries. It has, on five previous occa- 
sions, made its way to this country. These occurrences were in 
1870, between 1880 and 1883, 1881, 1902, 1908, and 1914. 

Foot and Mouth Disease is perhaps the most easily spread in- 
fectious and communicable disease of domesticated animals. It at- 
tacks chiefly ruminating animals and pigs, although other species 
are not entirely exempt from it. It is caused by some specific 
agent, the exact nature of which we do not know. It will pass 
through a Berkfelt filter and for that reason its cause is known 
as a filterable virus. It is an eruptive fil)re and belongs to the 
class of exanthematous diseases akin to smallpox, measles, scarlet 
fever, and the like. It begins with a rise in tem])erature, Avhich 
after one or two days is followed by the eruption of vesicles on 
the lips, gums, inside of the cheeks, and tongue : in cows on the 
teats and on the inter-digital spaces: in swine it frequently does 
not attack the mouth. In a few days these vesicles break, leaAing 
a raw and usually deeply reddened surface. After the vesicles 
have broken the characteristic of the disease has disappeared and 
its diagnosis Ijecomes more diflicult. I^nlike other infectious dis- 



11 

eases of this class, immunity following it is very slight; cattle 
often suii'er from a second attack within a few weeks. 

The period of incubation is said by most authorities to be 
from three to six days. In the present outbreak evidence has been 
accumulated to show" that it may be much longer. 

Another point of interest is the rapidity with wdiich the dis- 
ease runs its course and the promptness with which the lesions in 
the mouth Avill disappear. The mortality is very slight. It is 
given by different authorities at from one-half of one per cent. 
to ten per cent., but occasionally there are outbreaks in which the 
mortality is vei-y high. The sequelae of the disease may be varied. 
While many animals recover, a considerable percentage of them 
develop abscesses in the udder and in other cases the hoofs drop 
olf. This Ihtter seems to be particularly true of hogs. 

AAliile the disease is not, in the beginning, very serious the 
secondary lesions that follow, together with the loss of milk and 
llesh during the disease, render it one of the most serious of the 
infectious diseases of animals. 

Dr. Cope (Seventh International Congress of Veterinary Sur- 
geons, Baden Baden, 1899, vol. 1, p. 184) stated at the Interna- 
tional Veterinary Congress at Baden Baden in 1899, as follows: 

''It is true that Foot and Mouth Disease rarely assumes a fatal 
character, but the fact that nearly all classes of animals on the 
farm are susceptible renders the neighborhood losses much greater 
in the case of Foot and Mouth Disease, than rinderpest or pleuro- 
pneumonia, which only affects cattle. In my country, where it has 
existed for at least 50 years, it has caused enormous loss and in- 
convenience, greater than that of all the other contagious diseases 
combined." 

This is an exceedingly important statment when we call to 
mind the statement of Dr. (jangee, that because of the neglect oiv 
the part of the British government, rinderpest and pleuro-pneu- 
monia had cost Great Britain and her colonies inore than four 
hundred million dollars. 

Hafner stated, at the same congress, concerning the ravages 
of this disease in southern Germany, that : 

"Foot and Mouth Disease had prevailed almost continually in 
Germany for a long series of years and it had caused losses much 
greater than all other episodic diseases combined. It had also been 
found that the disease, instead of following a benign course as 
formerly, had, during recent years, become very malignant. In 



12 

fact in numerous sections hundreds of cattle had suddenly died and 
certain estates had lost from a third to a half of their stock." 

The seriousness of the secondary lesions that follow this disease 
may be understood from the following- statement from the report 
of the outbreak in Xew England in 1002 (Eeport of Bureau of 
Animal Industry, 1902) : 

"In JNIassachusetts a nmnber of herds were preserved which 
had the disease in a mild form and which had apparently recovered 
at the time the inspection was made. In about one-third of the 
cases where the owners afterwards came in with the statements that 
relapses had occurred Avith their animals, some were again aifected 
with a formation of vesicles and most of those had abscesses in 
the udders which made them unfit for milk production. At the time 
these cattle were slaughtered the udders of many of them were so 
distended with pus that they were ruptured as the animals fell and 
discharged vast quantities of this liquid." 

In order to show that the general character of the disease is 
not always mild it should be stated that it was not until 1875 that 
it was classified in Denmark as a "malignant, infectious disease." 
It is now regarded in that country as one of the most harmful 
diseases among domesticated animals, and the greatest efforts are 
now being made to keep it in check. 

In addition to the serious udder and feet trouble. Professor 
J>ang makes the further statement: 

"It may be added that in nearly all outbreaks some cows con- 
tract inflammation of the udder, with the result that many of 
these cows become more or less worthless for milking; some cows 
get a malignant and persistent hoof complaint which weakens them 
generally. Furthermore a number of young calves and pigs die, 
as well as adult animals occasionally: abortion is also liable to 
occur; and all this without taking into account the emaciaticm 
caused by the disease. There is thus every reason for treating the 
disease and doing everything possible to prevent its gaining firm 
footing." 

It is important to understand the means by which this disease 
is disseminated. As already stated, it is one of the most infectious 
diseases of which we have knowledge. As the virus or "seed" of 
the disease is discharged from the infected animal, it is readily 
understood that the diseased animal is the most important means of 
carrying the infection. It is also recognized, and very extended 
experiments by Professor Hess, of Berne, Switzerland, prove that 



13 

animals that have recovered from the disease are still able to trans- 
mit it for a variable length of time. Professor Hess found that 
animals that had apparently recovered gave oil' the germ of the 
disease five months later. Here, then, we have a earner exactly 
similar to the t^^phoid carriers, or the diphtheria spreaders, of 
^^hich you are all familiar. In addition to the diseased animals 
and those that had apparently recovered the germs of the disease 
are transmitted frequently on the clothing of men who are caring 
for them, and by pigs, cats, and birds. As the germ is able to 
live for considerable length of time it can be carried on hay, grain, 
feed bags, or any other articles that may come in contact with the 
diseased animal. Milk from infected herd and milk cans that have 
come in contact with such animals also spread the virus. It is 
necessary, therefore, that every article that may become contami- 
nated by the diseased animals should be kept from sound cattle. 

Although tlie cause of Foot and Mouth Disease is not defi- 
nitely known, it has been shown that it will be destroyed in the 
saliva of the diseased animals when it is kept at a temperature of 
37 degrees centigi'ade for a short time, but it has been known to 
retain its power to produce disease for a period of several months 
when kept at zero temperature centigrade. 

The economic importance of Foot and Mouth Disease is not 
generally understood. Because it has a low mortality, people some- 
times think it is of not much importance. Professor Bang has 
pointed out that where dairy cows recover, the cost from the loss 
of milk, etc., in Germany, has been 50 marks (twelve and one-half 
dollars) . In the Netherlands it has been shown that it cost $20 for 
every sick animal that recovered. Professor Bang has pointed out 
that "there are many instances of the disease developing a very 
malignant character, with a mortality of from 5 to 50 per cent, 
among adult animals, and from 50 to 80 per cent, among young 
animals. Malignant Foot and Mouth Disease of this kind is most 
apt to attack dirty and overcrowded farms, but they may occur in 
a very malignant form with numerous sudden deaths reminiscent 
of anthrax. Such epidemics have been observed in many different 
countries, both in former and recent times. In 1839 2,000 head of 
cattle died in the cantons of Berne and Fribourg in Switzerland: 
in 1872 in the French Department of Xievre, more than 20 per 
cent, of the calves and over 22 per cent of the pigs were destroyed 
by the disease in the course of two months. In the summer of 
1892 there died in Bavaria, over 3.000 head of cattle, and in 189G 



14 

in Wurttemberg, 1,500; at Barcelona, in Spain, there died in 1901 
50 to 70 per cent, of the young cattle. In Transylvania 711 out 
of 7,498, or 9.4 per cent., were destroyed in 1899." 

He also mentions a number of other places in Europe where 
the mortality ranges from 10 to 50 per cent. He then continues: 

"■'However, it is not these apparently rare cases of great mor- 
tality that cause the chief trouble. It is the acutely infectious na- 
ture of the disease which makes it so serious. When it is left 
alone it spreads to an enormous number of farms and with the 
present quick and easy means of communication it might quite 
easily extend to nearly all the farms of a country or province, with 
the result that the aggregate of numerous small losses represents 
in the end an enormous sum. Thus the loss suffered by Germany 
in 1892, when over 1,300,000 head of cattle, over 2,000,000 sheep 
and goats, and over 400,000 pigs Avere reported to be infected, w'as 
estimated at over one hundred million marks ($25,000,000). And 
this year, 1911, the loss is sure to be much greater."' 

The most important question before the people of the United 
States is the method of control. There are but two methods that 
are possible, namely, quarantine and eradication by slaughter. The 
quarantine method is the one that is adopted in Europe, and after 
years of trial it was reported at the International Congress at 
Baden Baden in 1899, by Hess, of Berne, who stated : 

''The diseased animals should be destroyed completely, includ- 
ing the heads and hair, and the exposed slaughtered under police 
supervision." 

Dr. Cope, of England, speaking of an outbreak in that coun- 
try, says: 

'Tt was eventually stamped out in the county of Kent by the 
purchase, slaughter, and burial of several of the affected flocks." 

Professor Dammann, of Hanover, at the same Congress men- 
tioned, said: 

"'Without an absolute (juarantine of the infected farms, pre- 
venting even the movement of persons, the control of Foot and 
Mouth Disease is not to be thought of"; "but this measure," he 
says, "cannot be executed." 

He further said that the "very severe requirements of the sani- 
tary law has not succeeded in eradicating the disease, and notwith- 
standing the quarantine of the infected stables, reinforced in many 
cases by the quarantine of the districts and even of a large zone 
around these; notwithstanding the very extended prohibition of 



15 

animal markets and the supervision exercised over the abattoirr^, 
dealers, stables, and railroad cars, the disease continued to prevail."' 

AVe have, then, the evidence that in countries where the disease 
has grown up its control has been found to be impossible througli 
any quarantine that can be imposed, and in place of this Euro- 
peans have recommended slaughter of infected and exposed ani- 
mals, and a thorough disinfection of the infected premises. 

In view of the unsatisfactory experience in Europe mider the 
quarantine system, this government adopted the jiolicy of permit- 
ting eradication by means of the slaughter of the infected and ex- 
posed animals. This was first applied in the outbreak in 1884 in 
Portland, Me.: it was successfully employed in the 1002 outbreak 
in New England, and in the 1908 outbreak. It is this method that 
the government has adopted in the present most serious of all 
outbreaks in the United States. It has been largely successful and 
it is believed that it Avill be entirely so. There seems to be n(> 
other, way by which this disease can be rooted out of the country, 
other than to destroy every carrier of the virus and the disinfection 
of all contaminated places. It should be clearly understood that 
in eradicating this disease the first cost is the least. Should Foot 
and Mouth Disease be allowed to remain in any section of this 
country it would cause a quarantine to be placed upon the whole 
country by other nations, and in this country it would very likely 
cause the State or States in which the disease continued to remain, 
to be quarantined by other States. We cannot afford to have the 
disease in our land. Thrice it has been entirely eradicated by 
this method, and there is no reason to expect that for the fourth 
time it will not be entirely removed from this coimtry, and the 
lessons that I hope we have learned from it will enable both States 
and Xation to adopt such measures in the future as are necessary 
to forever keep it away. 

I thank you for your kind attention and trust that these some- 
what rambling remarks on the nature and control of this disease 
may be of some assistance to you. 

MYCOTIC STOMATITIS. 

This is a sporadic, non-c(mtagious disease, affecting cattle of 
all ages while on pasture, and especially milch cows. 

It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the mu- 
cous membrane of the mouth, sore and swollen feet, salivation and 
loss of appetite, and in cases erosions of the skin on the teats and 



16 

udders of cows, with a chapped or scabby appearance of the muzzle. 
The temperature is often elevated, and the att'ected animal loses- 
flesh and falls off in milk to a marked degree. 

Cause — {Etiology ) . 

This disease is caused by fungi, or moulds, which infest the 
forage, and w^ith which the animal comes in contact while pas- 
turing on grasses containing such fungi or moulds. 

The disease gets its name, as can be seen, from the fact that 
it is the result of some irritating fungi — hence mycotic stomatitis. 
The fungus of rape, etc., (according to Dr. John E. Mohler, of the 
United States Biireau of Animal Industry), and other fungi, too, 
are held responsible for this trouble in cattle. 

As a rule the disease appears when a hot dry spell in the graz- 
ing season is followed by rainy spells, thus the conditions which 
are best suited for the production of fungi on the pastures. 

The disease is not fatal unless the animal affected is allow^ed 
to sutler from lack of attention, Avhile its mouth and feet are too 
sore for the said animal to get food and water. The cow with 
this trouble will, as a rule, eat, if the food is placed back on her 
tongue so she can handle it. But she is not able, in many cases, 
to take the food up alone, and get it into her mouth, owing to the 
very sensitive sore mucous membranes. Potatoes, corn, etc., placed 
back on the tongue will be readily eaten by the sick animal as 
a rule. 

Treatment consists in placing the affected animal in good com- 
fortable quarters, in a cool barn, feeding her by hand for the rea- 
sons just given, and then local applications of borax, in water, or 
even salt water, will in a week or less time, restore the animal to 
her normal condition. Creolin in w^ater, about ten per cent, solu- 
tion, is best for the feet. While this disease yields to treatment 
without much difficulty, j^et if the animal is allowed to ren^ain in 
the hot, w^et pastures without treatment, the result is often a loss 
ot one or more of the animal's hoofs, and other serious constitu- 
tional complications may arise. This, however, will not be the 
sequel to Mycotic Stomatitis if the animal is properly looked after. 
It will cause a rapid loss of both milk and flesh during the attack, 
though, in the majority of cases. 




S'econd Section Dead in the Ditch. 



17 

The Dlfevence Between Mycotic Htoiimtitis and Contagious 
Foot and Mouth Disease. 

In the first place, mycotic stomatitis is very similar to con- 
tagious Foot and Mouth Disease, as far as the symptoms to the 
eje are concerned, Avhen examining affected animals. 

History and Cause Quite Different. 

Mycotic stomatitis affects cattle only, while on the other hand 
contagious Foot and Mouth Disease spreads rapidly to all exposed 
cattle, hogs, sheep and goats. Again the most important fact is 
thaf by inoculation Avith contagious Foot and Mouth Disease 
(merel}^ mop the mouth of an affected animal, then introduce the 
said mop into the riiouth of a healthy calf), the disease known as 
Foot and Mouth Disease is easily produced. While in mycotic 
stomatitis the healthy animal does not become infected by associa- 
tion with, or inoculation from, an affected animal. 

In mycotic stomatitis the disease often occurs in a few animals 
in widely separated pastures, and then only a few animals in a 
herd are affected at the same time. While in contagious Foot and 
Mouth Disease all susceptible animals exposed, develop the disease 
a!)out the same time, as this disease spreads rapidly to all such 
animals, and is carried for miles by persons, dogs, feed, vehicles, 
bags, and anything which has been expo.sed to the animal affected 
with contagious Foot and Mouth Disease. 

In fact, in mycotic stomatitis the animal shows far more stiff- 
ness in gait, and has a bad-looking, scabby formation on the muz- 
zle (which we do not have in contagious Foot and Mouth Disease). 
While the sores in the mouth are not so extensive, and they heal 
more raj^idly in mycotic stomatitis than in contagious Foot and 
Mouth Disease. 

Mycotic stomatitis is a common disease in this State during 
the mid-summer and early fall, though it is not contagious, there- 
fore it should not be mistaken for contagious Foot and Mouth 
Disease. 



18 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIEGIXIA, 

Go\'ernor's Office, 

ElCHMOND. 

INTRASTATE QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION. 



Against Shipments of Live Stock Received in Virginia from City 

of Chicago Since October 1, 1914, to Prevent Spread 

of Foot and Month Disease. 

Whereas, it has been determined by the United States Bureau 
of Animal Industry that the virus of a contagions, communicable 
disease known as Foot and Mouth Disease, exists in the Union 
Stock Yards, in the citv of Chicago, State of Illinois, and notice 
of same has been furnished the State Veterinarian of Virginia by 
said Bureau; and 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1590, paragraph 
4, of an act of the General Assembly, approved March 12, 1908. 
authorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to estab- 
lish and maintain such qufirantine rules and regulations as it may 
deem necessary to protect the domestic animals of this State against 
all contagious diseases affecting live stock, said Board has, through 
Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, State Veterinarian, declared quarantine 
against shipments of li>e stock from the city of Chicago, since 
October 1, 1914; 

Now, TnEitEFORE, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby proclaim that all shipments of live stock received in the 
State of Virginia from the city of Chicago since October 1, 1914, 
are from this date under quarantine,, and are not to be allowed to 
mingle with other live stock and not to be moved until permission 
is given by the State Veterinarian, or until this order is rescinded. 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, at Richmond, this the ninth day of November, in the 
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourteen, and 
of the Commonwealth the one hundred and thirty-ninth 

H. C. STUART, 

Governor. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAJVIES, 

Secretary of the C oininonwealth. 



19 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, 

Goveknor's Office, 

ElCHMOND. 

QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION. 



Agtvinst States Under Federal Quarantine, to Prevent Spread of 

Contagious Foot and Month Disease in Cattle, Sheep, 

Other Ruminants and Swine. 

Whereas, it has been determined by the United States Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and notice has been duly given to the State 
Veterinarian of Virgini^i, that a contagious, communicable disease 
known as Foot and Mouth Disease, exists in live stock in the States 
of Michigan, New York, Ohio, Iowa, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, Massachusetts, Illinois and Wisconsin; and * 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1599, paragraph 
4, of an act of the General Assembly approved March 1'2, 1908, 
authorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to estab- 
lish and maintain such quarantine against all contagious diseases 
altecting live stock in other States, as said Board may deem neces- 
sary to protect the domestic animals of this State, said Board has 
issued such order establishing ([uarantine against the States herein- 
before named, and has issued same through Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, 
State Veterinarian ; 

Now, Therefore, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby proclaim that the State of Virginia is quarantined against 
the States of Michigan, New" York, Ohio, Iowa, Indiana, Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Illinois and Wisconsin, and that 
no cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine shall be moved into Vir- 
ginia from said States until this order is officially rescinded. 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, at Richmond, this the ninth day of November, in the 
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourteen, and 
of the Commonwealth the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Go vernor. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the C ommonwealth. 



20 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGIXIA, 

Go\'ernor's Office, 

ElCHMOXD. 

POOT AND MOUTH DISEASE QUARAXTIXE PROCLA- 
MATION. 



Against the County of Loudoun, in This State, to Prevent Spread 

of Contagious Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Sheep, 

Other Ruminants and Swine. 

Whereas, it has been determined b}' the State Veterinarian of 
Virginia, acting in connection with the I.^nited States Bureau of 
Animal Industry, that a contagious, communicable disease, known 
as Foot and Mouth Disease, exists in live stock in the county of 
Loudoun, in this State; and 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1590 of the Code 
of Virginia, as amended by paragraph 4 of an act of the General 
Assembly, appj-oved March 12, 1908, authorizing the Virginia State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board to establish and maintain such (|uaran- 
tine against all such contagious diseases as said Board may deem 
necessary to protect the domestic animals of this State, said Board 
has issued an order establishing a quarantine against the county 
of Loudoun, and has accordingly given instructions to Dr. J. G. 
Ferneyhough, State Veterinarian, to enforce same: 

Now, TherefopuE, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
liereby proclaim a quarantine ' against the county of Loudoun, in 
the State of Virginia, and do direct that no cattle, sheep, other 
ruminants or swine shall be moved out of said county of Loudoun 
to any point until this order is officially rescinded. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused 
the Lesser Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, at the Capitol 
in Richmond, this the twenty-sixth day of November, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourteen, and of the 
Commonwealth the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Go vernor. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the C omniomrealth. 



21 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, 

Go\'eenor's OrricEj 

ElCHMOND. 

QIWRANTINE PEOCLAMATION. 



Against States Where Contagions Foot and Mouth Disease Exists 
in Cattle, Sheep, Other Rnminants and Swine. 

WiiEEEAs, it has been determined by the United States Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and notice has been duly given to the State 
Veterinarian of Virginia, that the contagions, communicable dis- 
ease known as Foot and Mouth Disease exists in live stock in the 
States of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, 
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New^ Hampshire, 
New Jerse}^, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 
^Visconsin ; and 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1590, paragraph 
4, of an act of the General Assembly approved March 12, 1908, 
authorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to estab- 
lish and maintain such quarantine against all contagious diseases 
aifecting live stock in other States, as said Board may deem neces- 
sary to protect the domestic animals of this State, said Board has 
issued such order establishing cjuarantine against the States herein- 
before named, and has directed its enforcement by Dr. J. G. Ferney- 
hough, State Veterinarian; 

Now Therbeore, I, H. C. Staurt, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby declare the State of Virginia quarantined against the States 
of Connecticut. Delaware, Illinois, Indiana. Iowa, Kentucky, Mary- 
land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New 
Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wis- 
consin. No cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine shall be moved 
into Virginia from any of said States for any purpose until this 
order is officially rescinded or modified. No hides, skins, wool, hair, 
horns or hoofs of such animals, and no hay, straw or similar fod- 
der, manure or litter shall be moved into Virginia from any of said 
States except shii)ments accom])anied in each instance by a Federal 
permit, issued by an officer of the Bureau of Animal Industry in 
accordance with the regulations of the Ignited States Department 
of Ao^riculture, until this order is officiallv rescinded or modified. 



22 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monAvealth, at Eichmond, this the fifth day of February, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and of the 
Commonwealth the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Gover}ior. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the CommonircaJth. 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGIXIA, 

Governor's Office, 
Richmond. 

QUARANTIXE PROCLAMATION. 



Quarantining- LTnion Stock Yards, Richmond, Va., Said Yards 

Having Been Exposed to Infection of Contagious 

Foot and Mouth Disease. 

Whereas, in the opinion of the Virginia State Veterinarian 
and the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, the Union 
Stock Yards, Richmond, Va., have been exposed to the infection of 
the contagious communicable disease known as Foot and Mouth 
Disease; and 

A\'hereas, by authority conferred by Section 1599, paragraph 
3. of an act of the General Assembly a])proved IVIarch 12, 1908, au- 
thorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to establish 
and maintain such quarantine against all contagious diseases affect- 
ing live stock as said Board may deem necessary to protect the 
domestic animals of this State, said board has issued an order 
quarantining said Union Stock Yards, and has directed its enforce- 
ment by Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, State Veterinarian: 

XoT.\-, Therefore, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby issue this proclamation quarantining said Union Stock 
Yards, Richmond, Va., and do prohibit the movement of Cattle, 
sheep, other ruminants or swine into said yards except shipments 
in transit and now within the borders of the State of Virginia, 
until this order is officiallv modified or rescinded. All live stock 



23 

now in '(Siiid yards may be slaughtered in the adjacent abattoirs 
under direct inspection of the United States Bureau of Animal 
Industry. Xo live stock now in said yards or in transit shall be 
moved out of said yards except for slaughter as above provided. 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, this eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord 
one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and of the Commonwealth 
the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 
Bij the Governor: Governor. 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the Comnionicealth. 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIEGIXIA, 

Governor's Office, 
Richmond. 

MODIFIED QUARANTIXE PROCLAMATIOX. 



Against States Where Contagious Foot and Mouth Disease Exists 
in Cattle, Sheep, Other Ruminants and Swine. 

Whereas, it has been determined by the United States Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and notice has been duly given to the State 
Veterinarian of Virginia, that the contagious, communicable disease 
known as Foot and Mouth Disease exists in live stock in the States 
of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Mary 
land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Xew Hampshire, Xew Jer- 
sey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin; 
and 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1599, paragrapli 
4, of an act of the General Assembly approved March 12, 1908, 
authorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to es- 
tablished and maintain such quarantine against all contagious dis- 
eases affecting live stock in other States, as said Board may deem 
necessary to protect the domestic animals of this State, said Board 
has issued such order establishing quarantine against the States 
hereinbefore namect, and has directed its enforcement by Dr. J. G. 
Ferneyhough, vState Veterinarian: 

Now, Therefore, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby declare the State of Virginia quarantined against the States 



24 

ol" Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Mary- 
land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New 
Jersey, Ncav York, Ohio, Pennsyh^ania, Ehode Island and 
Wisconsin. No cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine, and no 
hides, skins, wool, hair, horns or hoofs of such animals shall be 
moved into Virginia from any of said States for any purpose until 
this order is officially rescinded or modified. 

Hay, straw or similar fodder may be received in Virginia from 
quarantined States, from areas defined by the Bureau of Animal 
Industry, United States Department of Agi*iculture, "Modified" or 
"Eestricted;"' 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file an affidavit 
with the transportation company at point of shipment certifying 
that the ha}-, etc., was harvested in "Modified"' or "Eestricted'' 
area. 

Provided, further, that waybill is endorsed with the statement 
that the affidavit aforesaid is on file at point of shipment, a copy 
of which affidavit shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Provided, further, that waybill is endorsed that a statement 
from the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department 
of Agriculture, in on file at the office of the railway issuing said 
waybill, certifying that the county in wdiich such shipment origi- 
nated is in "Modified" or "Restricted" area on date of said ship- 
ment, a copy of which statement shall also accompany said waybill. 

No hay, etc., from any area classified by Bureau of Animal 
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, on date of 
shipment as "Closed" or "Exposed" area, shall be received in Vir- 
ginia. 

All modifications of the original quarantine against the live 
stock of the States above mentioned are hereby revoked, and 
absolute quarantine is hereby declared against all live stock, either 
for immediate slaughter or otherwise, coming through or from the 
States named in this proclamation, including also live poultry of 
all kinds. 

Criven under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, at Richmond, this the twenty-sixth day of February, 
in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and 
of the Commonwealth the one liundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C." STUART, 
By the Governor: Governor. 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the Comnimiwealth . 




Miller Cattle on the Way to the Ditch to be Shot. 




fi^a^^^ 



QO*r* ^^ ^'^J"* «fes^4j^ 





Second Section on thf \\'a\ to the Ditch. 



25 

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, 

Goa'tirnor's Ornc'E, 

RlCH3IOND. 

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN HENRICO COUNTY 
QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION. 



Whereas, an extensive outbreak of a malignant and communi- 
cable diseasoe, known as Foot and Mouth Disease, has been located 
and now exists on the premises of Miller Brothers, in the County 
of Henrico, near Stop 17 of the Richmond and Rappahannock Ri^er 
Railroad Company, about three miles east of the limits of the city 
of Richmond ; and 

Whereas, there is grave danger of the spread of this highly 
contagious disease to the great detriment and practical ruin of the 
live stock and dairy interest of Henrico county, and possibly ad- 
joining counties; and 

Whereas, the disease as already developed, to say nothing of 
further development, will cost the State of Virginia a very large 
sum of money if adetjuate steps are to be taken to prevent the 
spread of this contagion; 

Now, Therefore, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia acting 
in conjunction with the Virginia Live Stock Sanitary Board, and 
under authority conferred in Section 1599, paragraph 3 of an act of 
the General Assembly approved March 12, 1908, do hereby declare a 
quarantine against the premises of the said Miller Brothers, and 
against all the territory within a radius of five miles thereof in all 
directions, and do prohibit the movement of cattle, sheep, other 
ruminants or swine on or over the public highways within said 
radius, whether the said live stock originates within or without 
the said radius, and whether it is being driven into, out of or 
through the said radius; 

Provided, however, that live stock within the said five mile 
area above described may be moved under a special permit given 
in writing by the State Veterinarian or his duly authorized deputy. 
This permit, signed as above stated, shall be in the hands of the 
person in charge, and shall accompany any live stock moved within 
the said five miles area. 

Quarantine is also declared against all hay, straw or similar 
fodder, hides, skins, wool, horns, hoofs, litter or manure within the 
said area, except by written permit of the State Veterinarian or his 
deputy, accompanying the movement, as aljove stated. 



26 

For the purpose of supervision of stock and enforcment of 
these rules and regulations, and for the granting of permits, head- 
quarters have been opened by the State Veterinarian, Dr. J. G. 
Ferneyhough, at Murphy's Hotel, Eichmond, Va., where he can be 
reached in person or by written communication. 

(iiven under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
mouAvealth, at Richmond, this the first day of March, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and of the Com- 
monwealth the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Goveifmor. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAMES, 

Secretary of the \C ommonwealth. 



COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, 

Governor's Office, 
Richmond. 

MODIFIED QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION, NO. '1. 



Against States "VNHiere Contagious Foot and INIouth Disease Exists 

in Cattle, Sheep, Other Ruminants and Swine, and 

Against the District of Columbia. 

AVhereas, it has been determined by the United States Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and notice has been duly given to the State 
Veterinarian of Virginia, that the contagious, communicable disease 
known as the Foot and Month disease exists in live stock in the 
States of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 
Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New 
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode 
Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia; 
and 

Whereas, by authority conferred by Section 1599, paragrapli 
4, of an act of the General Assembly, approved March 12. 1908, 
authorizing the Virginia State Live Stock Sanitary Board to estab- 
lish and maintain such quarantine against all contagious diseases 
alt'ectins: live stock in other States, as said Board mav deem neces- 



27 

sary to j)rotect the domestic animals of tliis State, said Board has 
issued such order establishing quarantine against the States here- 
inbefore named, and against the District of Columbia ; 

Now, Therefore, I, H. C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, do 
hereby declare the State of Virginia quarantined against the States 
of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ken- 
tucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hamp- 
shire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ehode Island, 
West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia. No 
cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine, and no litter or manure 
of such animals shall be moved into Virginia from any of said 
States or from the District of Columbia, for an}' purpose, until 
this order is rescinded or modified. 

Hides, skins, avooI, hair, horns and hoofs of such animals may 
be received in Virginia from quarantined States, and from the 
District of Colinnbia. from areas defined by the Bureau of Animal 
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, ''Modifxed," 
"Restricted," or "Free"; 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file an affidavit 
with the transportation company at the point of shipment certify- 
ing that the hides, skins, wool, hair, horns, or hoofs were taken 
from the animals in "Modified," "Restricted," or "Free" area: 

Provided, fiirther, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent of 
the transportation company accepting said shipment, with the 
statement that the affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation comi^any at the point of shipment, a certified 
copy of which affidavit shall also be attached to said waybill: 

Provided, further, that said waybill is endorsed that a state- 
ment from the Bureau of Animal Industry, United State Depart - 
me.'it of Agriculture, is on file at the i)rincii)al office of the trans- 
poitation company issuing said AAaybill, showing that the county 
in Avhich such shipment originated is in "Modified," "Restricted,"' 
or "Free" area on date of said shipment, and giving the name of 
the county, a certified copy of which statement shall also be at- 
tached to said waybill. 

Hides, skins, wool, hair, horns and hoofs of cattle, sheep, other 
ruminants and swine may be received in ^"irginia from quaran- 
tined States and from the District of Columbia, from areas de- 
fined l)y the Bureau of Animal Industry. United States Department 
of Agriculture, "Closed" or "Exposed." 

Provided said hides, skins, wool, hair, horns or hoofs of such 



28 

animals are disinfected prior to shipment under the supervision 
of an inspector of the said Bureau of Animal Industry; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that a certificate, signed by an inspector of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, show- 
ing that he supervised the disinfection of the said hides, skins, 
wool, hair, horns or hoofs, is on file in the office of the said trans- 
portation company at the point of shipment, a certified copy of 
which certificate shall also be attached to said waybill; 

Hides, skins, wool, hair, horns and hoofs of cattle, sheep, other 
ruminants and swine which have received antemortem and post- 
mortem Federal inspection may be received in Virginia from 
quarantined States and from the District of Columbia, from areas 
defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States De- 
partment of Agriculture, ''Closed"' or ''Exposed" without disin- 
fection ; 

Provided, the owner or consignor shall first file an affidavit 
with the transportation company at the point of shipment, certify- 
ing that the said hides, skins, wool, hair, horns or hoofs are 
from animals which have received Federal inspection as afore- 
said ; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that the affidvait aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation company at the point of shipment, a certified 
copy of which affidavit shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Hay, straw, or similar fodder, may be received in Virginia 
from quarantined States and from the District of Columbia, from 
areas defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States 
Department of Agi^iculture, "Modified," "Restricted,'' or "Free"; 

Provided that the owner or consignor shall first file an affi- 
davit with the transportation company at the point of shipment, 
certifying that the hay, straw, or similar fodder, was harvested 
in '"Alodified," "Restricted," or "Free'" area : 

i*rovicled, further, that the waybill is endorsed l)y the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that the affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation company at the point of shipment, a certified 
copy of which affidavit shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Provided, further, that said waybill is endorsed that a state- 
ment from the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Depart- 



29 

jiient of AgTiciilture, is on file at the principal office of the trans- 
portation company issuing said waybill, showing that the county 
in which such shipment originated is in "Modified,"' '*Eestricted," 
or "Free" area on date of said shipment, and giving the name 
of the county, a certified copy of which statement shall also be 
altached to said waybill. 

?So hay, straw, or similar fodder, shall be received in Vir- 
ginia from quarantined kStates and from the District of Columbia, 
11 om any area defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United 
tetates Department of Agriculture, on date of shipment, "Closed"' 
or "Exposed,"' except. 

Hay or straw used for packing purposes, and which has been 
disinfected with formalin gas in the manner described in Farmers" 
liu.'jetin 315. 

l^rovided, that the owner or consignor of such hay or straw 
used for packing purposes shall first file an affidavit with the 
transportation company at the point of shipment certifying that 
the facilities for disinfection have been approved b}' an inspector 
(d" the Bureau of Animal Industry, and that the said hay or straw 
has been disinfected as aforesaid. 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment of hay 
or straw for packing purj^oses Avith the statement that the affidavit 
aforesaid is on file in the office of the said transportation com- 
]tany at the point of shipment, a certified copy of which affidavit 
shall also be attached to the waybill. 

Grain for seed and milling purposes, and stock feed in new 
bags or containers which have not been previously used for any 
purpose may be received in Virginia from quarantined States and 
from the District of Columbia; 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file an affi- 
davit with the transportation company at the point of shipment 
certifying that the bags or containers in which grain for seed and 
milling purposes, or in Avhich stock feed, is ottered for shipment, 
are neAv and have not been used for any purpose up to that time 
and have not been exposed to contamination through live stock, 
their excretions, or by-products; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of said 
transportation company at the point of shipment, a certified copy 
of which affidavit shall also be attached to said waybill. 



30 

Xo bags or similar containers which have been previcmslj 
used shall be received in Virginia from quarantined States or 
from the District of Columbia. 

All modifications of the original quarantine against the said 
live stock of the States above mentioned are hereby revoked, and 
absolute quarantine is hereby declared against all such live stock, 
either for immediate slaughter or otherwise, coming through or 
from the States named in this proclamation, and from the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, including also live poultry of all kinds. 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, at Richmond, this the tenth day of March, in the }'ear 
of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and of the 
Commonwealth, the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Governor. 
By the Governor: 

B. O. JAMES, 

fSec7'etarj/ of the Cotmiionicealth. 



COMMONWEALTH OF A^IRGINIA, 

Governor's Office, 
Richmond. 

QUARAXTIXE PROCLAMATIOX. 



Against States Where Contagious Foot and Mouth Disease Exists 

in Cattle, Sheep, Other Ruminants and Swine, and 

Against the District of Columbia. 

Whereas, it has been determined by the LTnited States Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and notice has been duly given to the State 
Veterinarian of Virginia, that the contagious, communicable dis- 
ease known as the Foot and Mouth Distase exists in live stock 
in the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, 
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York. Ohio, Pennsjdvania, 
Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the District of 
Columbia ; and 

Whereas, in pursuance of authority conferred by the statutes 



ol 

ill such cases made and provided, the Live Stock Sanitary Board 
of the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Governor, the Chairman of 
said Board, and the State Veterinarian have established a quaran- 
tine and have prescribed certain orders, rules and regulations for 
the protection of live stock in this Commonwealth. 

Now, TiiEKEi-OKE, I, H, C. Stuart, Governor of Virginia, in 
accordance with the statutes in such cases made and provided, do 
hereby and herein proclaim the boundaries of said quarantine and 
the said orders, rules and regulations prescribed as aforesaid, to- 
• wit: The State of Virginia is declared to be quarantined against 
the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan- 
sas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New- 
Hampshire, New Jersey, Xew York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ehode 
Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and the District of Co- 
lumbia. No cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine, and no litter 
or -manure of such animals shall be moved into Virginia from 
and of said States or from the District of Columbia, for any 
purjDose, until this order is rescinded or modified. 

Hides, skins, wool, hair, horns and hoofs of such animals may 
be received in Virginia from quarantined States, and from the 
District of Columbia, from areas defined by the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, "Modi- 
fied,'' ''Kestricted,'" or "Free"; 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file an affi- 
davit with the transportation company at the point of shipment 
certifying that the hides, skins, wool, hair, horns, or hoofs were 
taken from the animals in "Modified," "Eestricted,"' or "Free"' 
area ; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment, with the 
statement that the affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation company at the point of shipment, a copy of 
which affidavit, certified by the said agent of the transportation 
company as a true copy, shall also be attached to said waybill ; 

Provided, further, that said waybill is endorsed that a state- 
ment from the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States De- 
partment of Agriculture, is on file at the principal office of the 
transportation company issuing said waybill, showing that the 
county in which such shipment originated is in "Modified,'" "Re- 
stricted," or "Free" area on date of said shipment, and giving the 
name of the county, a copy of which statement, certified by the 



32 

said agent of the transportation company as a true copy, shall be 
attached to said waybill. 

Hides, skins, wool, horns and hoofs of cattle, sheep, other rumi- 
nants and swine may be recei\ed in Virginia from quarantined 
States and from the District of Columbia, from areas defined by 
the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of 
Agriculture, ''Closed" or "Exposed." 

Trovided said hides, skins, wool, hair, horns or hoofs of such 
animals are disinfected prior to shipment under the supervision of 
an inspector of the said Bureau of Animal Industry; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that a certificate, signed by an inspector of the Bureau 
of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, 
showing that he supervised the disinfection of the said hides, skins, 
wool, hair, horns or hoofs, is on file in the office of the said 
transportation company at the point of shipment, a copy of which 
certificate, certified by the said agent of the transportation com- 
pany as a true cop,y, shall also be attached to said waybill; 

Hides, skins, wool, hair, horns and hoofs of cattle, sheep, 
other ruminants and swine which have received antemortem and 
postmortem Federal inspection may be received in Virginia from 
qiuirantined States und from the District of Columbia, from areas 
defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States De- 
partment of Agriculture, "Closed" or "Exposed'' without disin- 
fection ; 

Provided, the owner or consignor shall first file an affidavit 
with the transportation company at the point of shipment, certify- 
ing that the said hides, skins, wool, hair, horns or hoofs are from 
animals which have received Federal inspection as aforesaid. 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment Avith the 
statement that the affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation company at the point of shipment, a copy of 
which affidavit, certified by the said agent of the transportation 
company as a true copy, shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Hay, straw, or similar fodder, may be received in Virginia 
from quarantined States and from the District of Columbia, from 
areas defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States 
Department of Agriculture, "Modified," "Restricted," or "Free"; 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file with the 
transportation company at the point of shipment an affidavit, certi- 



33 

fying that the hay, straw, or similar fodder, was harvested in 
"Modified,"' "Kestricted,"* or "Free" area; or, in lieu thereof, an 
alhdavit as described in Bureau of Animal Industry Order No. 
236, general regulation No. 12; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment with the 
statement that the affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of the 
said transportation company at the point of shipment, a copy 
of which affidavit, certified by the said agent of the transportation 
company as a true copy, shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Provided, further, that said waybill is endorsed that a state- 
ment from the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, is on file at the principal office of the trans- 
portation company issuing said waybill, showing that the county 
in which such shipment originated is in "Modified," "Restricted, "* 
or "Free" area on date of said shipment, and giving the name of 
the county, a copy of which statement, certified by the said agent 
of the transportation company as a true copy, shall also be at- 
tached to said waybill. 

No hay, straw, or similar fodder, shall be received in Vir- 
ginia from cjuarantined States otkI from the District of Columbia, 
from any araa defined by the Bureau of Animal Industry, United 
State Department of Agriculture, on date of shipment, "Closed"'^ 
or "Exposed," except 

Hay or straw used for packing purposes, and which has been 
•disinfected with formalin gas in the manner described in Farmers. ' 
Bulletin 345. 

Provided, that the owner or consignor of such hay or straw^ 
used for packing purposes shall first file an affidavit with the 
transportation company at the point of shipment certifying that 
the facilities for disinfection have been approved by an inspector 
of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and that the said hay or straw- 
has been disinfected as aforesaid. 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shipment of ha}' 
cr straw for packing purposes with the statement that the affidavit 
aforesaid is on file in the office of the said transportation com- 
pany at the point of shipment, a copy of which affidavit, certified 
by the said agent of the transportation company as a true copy, 
shall also be attached to the waybill. 

Grain for seed and milling purposes, and stock feed, in new 
bags or containers which have not been previously used for any 



34 

purpose, may be received in Virginia from (|uarantined States and 
from the District of Columbia ; 

Provided, that the owner or consignor shall first file an aftidavit 
with the transportation company at the point of shipment certify- 
ing that the bags or containers in which grain for seed and mill- 
ing purposes, or in which stock feed is offered for shipment, are 
new and have not been used for any purpose up to that time and 
have not been exposed to contamination through live stock, their 
excretions, or by-products; 

Provided, further, that the waybill is endorsed by the agent 
of the transportation company accepting said shiiDment with the 
statement that affidavit aforesaid is on file in the office of said 
transportation company at the point of shipment, a copy of which 
affidavit, certified by the said agent of the transportation com- 
pany as a true copy, shall also be attached to said waybill. 

Xo l)ags or similar containers which have been previously 
used shall be received in Virginia from quarantined States or 
from the District of Columbia. 

All modifications of the original (juarantine against the said 
li^■e stock of the States above mentioned are hereby revoked, and 
.absolute quarantine is hereby declared against all such live stock, 
either for immediate slaughter or otherwise, coming through or 
from the States named in this proclamation, and through or from 
the District of Columbia, including also live poultry of all kinds. 

Given under my hand, and under the Lesser Seal of the Com- 
monwealth, at Richmond, this the sixth day of April, in the year 
of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and fifteen, and of the 
CommonAvealth, the one hundred and thirty-ninth. 

H. C. STUART, 

Governor. 
By the Go'vemor: 

B. O. JAJVfES, 

ISecretary of the <^' om.monicealth. 



VIRGINIA STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD, 
Office or Staiic Veterinarian, 

Richmond, Va., April L>ii, 1!)15. 
Wheeeas, by the provisions of an act of the General Assembly 
approved March 15, 1&15, the State Veterinarian is authorized. 



35 

by and ^^'ith the consent of the Governor, to suspend temporarily 
the quarantine rules and regulations of the State as to Foot and 
Mouth Disease, in particular cases or classes of cases, whenever 
in the opinion of the said Veterinarian and the Governor public 
interest may so require. 

Now, Thekefore, the undersigned, J. G. Ferneyhough, State 
\ eterinarian, acting with the consent of the Governor, hereby 
modifies the rules and regulations heretofore enacted by the State 
I^ive Stock Sanitary Board, and the Governor of Virginia, acting 
in his own official capacity, hereby modifies his several proclama- 
tions to the effect that second-hand bags or similar containers 
A\hetlier empty or filled with unquarantined food stuffs may be 
received in Virginia from quarantined States^ or from the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, when such bags or sacks have been disinfected 
with formalin gas in the manner prescribed in Farmers* Bulletin 
Mb. 

Provided that the owner or consignor of such sacks shall first 
file an affidavit with the transportation company at the point of 
shipment certifying that the facilities used for disinfection have 
l3een approved by an inspector of the Bureau of Animal Industry^ 
and that the said sacks have been disinfected as aforesaid. 

The rules and regulations of the State Live Stock Sanitary 
Board and the several proclamations of the Governor shall remain 
in full force and effect, except as herein and heretofore amended 
or modified. 

• J. G. FERNEYHOUGH, 

State Veterinarian. 
By consent of the Gocernor, 
H. C. STX'AET, 
Gocernor. 



36 

VIRGINIA STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD, 

OmcE or State Veterinarian, 

Richmond, Va., June 18, 1915. 

NOTICE TO TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND 

OTHERS OPERATING IN THE STATE OF 

VIRGINIA. 

Whereas, by the provisions of an act of the General Assembly 
approved March 15, 1915, the State Veterinarian is authorized, 
by and with the consent of the Governor, to suspend temporarily 
the quarantine rules and regulations of the State as to Foot and 
Mouth Disease, in particular cases or classes of cases, whenever 
in the opinion of the said Veterinarian and the Governor public 
interest may so require. 

NoAV, Therefore, the undersigned, J. G. Ferneyhough, State 
Veterinarian, acting with the consent of the Governor, hereby 
modifies the rules and regulations heretofore enacted by the State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board, and the Governor of Virginia, acting 
in his own official capacity, hereby modifies his several proclama- 
tions to tlie ellect that hny. straw or similar fodder, and bags or 
similar containers used for grain or stock feed> may be received 
in Virginia without any restrictions whatever from those States 
in which the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau 
of Animal Industry, has reduced all counties to- areas described 
as "modified," "restricted," or "free," which at this time includes 
the States of Delaware, Iowa, Indiana, Montana, New Hampshire, 
Rhode Island, Michigan, West Virginia, and the District of Co- 
lumbia, In the future Virginia State restrictions will change 
automatically to conform to modifications made by the Secretary 
of the LTnited States DeiJartment of Agriculture as above described, 
without official notice thereof from this office, relative to other 
States now under Federal and State (juarantine on account of 
Foot and Mouth Disease. 

uS fates Fro'in Which Federal ^^uaranfine lias Been Entirely 

Removed. 

Since an order, signed by the Secretary of the United States 
Department of Agriculture has declared the following States en- 
tirely free area : Delaware, Iowa, and New Hampshire, the Vir- 
ginia quarantine against the said States is hereby also remoA'ed. 



37 

In the future, when an entire State is declared to he free area 
by the Secretary of the United State Department of Agriculture, 
V^irginia quarantine restrictions are thereby automatically removed 
oh the said Federal free States without official notice thereof, from 
this office. 

The rules and regulations of the State Live Stock Sanitary 
Board and the several proclamations of the Governor shall remain 
in full force and effect, except as herein and heretofore amended 
or modified. 

J. G. FERNEYHOUGH, 

State Veterinarian: 
By consent of the Governor^ 
H. C. STUART, 
GoveimoT. 



VIRGINIA STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD, 

Office of State Veterinarian, 

Richmond, Va., February 22, 1916. 

NOTICE TO TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AND 

OTHERS OPERATING IN THE STATE OF 

VTRGINIA. 

Whereas, by the provisions of an act of the General Assembly 
approved March 15, 1915. the State Veterinarian is authorized, 
by and with the consent of the Governor, to suspend temporarily 
the quarantine rules and regulations of the State as to Foot and 
Mouth Disease, in particular cases or classes of cases, whenever 
in the opinion of the said Veterinarian and the Governor public 
interest may so require. 

Now, Therefore, the undersigned, J. G. Ferneyhough, State 
Veterinarian, acting with the consent of the Governor, hereby 
modifies the rules and regulations heretofore enacted by the State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board, and the Governor of Virginia, acting 
in his own official capacity, hereby modifies his seA'eral proclama- 
tions to the effect that cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine 
originating in Federal free areas may be shipped into Virginia for 
immediate slaughter. Such shipments must be made in accord- 



38 

ance with the regulations of the Federal Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry- 
Cattle, sheep, other ruminants or swine originating in Federal 
"closed," "exposed," ""modified," or "restricted" areas are forbid- 
den to enter the State of Virginia for any purpose. 

The rules and re'gulations of the State Live Stock Sanitary 
Board and the several proclamations of the Governor shall remain 
in full force and effect, except as herein and heretofore amended 
or modified. 

J. G. FERNEYHOUGH, 

State Veterinarian. 
Bt/ order of the Governm\ 
H. C. STUART, 

Governor. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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002 824 



31 %j 



